555 Timer Application
555 timer basics, pin diagram, internal circuits
This page describes 555 timer basics, 555 timer pin diagram and mentions 555 timer application notes.The applications include 555 timer in astable configuration and in monostable configuration.
555 timer is a very essential IC used in electronics. It has many application in almost every industry and every electronic equipment we use daily. With the help of this app learn how to use 555 timer and implement in your circuit. This app provides calculation in monostable and astable mode. The 555 is a single-chip version of a commonly used circuit called a multivibrator, which is useful in a wide variety of electronic circuits. The 555 timer chipis probably the most popular integrated circuit ever made. You can use the 555 chips for basic timing functions, such as turning a light on. node:summary555 Timer IC is one of the commonly used IC among students and hobbyists. There are a lot of applications of this IC, mostly used as vibrators like, ASTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR, MONOSTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR, and BISTABLE MULTIVIBRATOR. You can find here some circuits based on 5555 IC. This tutorial covers different aspects of 555 Timer IC and explains its working in.
The 555 timer IC is one of the most versatile chips ever produced. It is widely used in many applications in the world of digital pulse generation. The 555 timer IC can be configured in Monostable Mode, Astable Mode or free running and Bistable Mode or Schmitt Trigger mode.
Fig-1:555 timer internal circuitsThe figure-1 mentions 555 timer internal circuits. As shown the device comprises two operational amplifiers used as comparators (C1 and C2), RS bistable element (FF), inverting output buffer(B1), transistor switch (Q14).
Inverting Buffer is incorporated so that considerable current can be sourced or sunk to/from a load. A single transistor switch Q14 is provided as means of rapidly discharging the external timing capacitor.
Fig-2:555 timer pin diagramThe figure-2 mentions 555 IC pin diagram. The table below mentions 555 timer pin descriptions.
| 555 timer pin number | Description |
|---|---|
| 1 | GND (Ground Connection) |
| 2 | Trigger (555 timer triggers when this pin transition occurs from voltage value from Vcc to 33% of Vcc. Output goes high when triggered ) |
| 3 | Output (This pin delivers output) |
| 4 | Reset ( This pin resets 555 timer when low ) |
| 5 | Control Voltage (Used to change 'threshold' and 'trigger' set point voltages.It is rarely used. ) |
| 6 | Threshold (used to detect when the capacitor has charged. The output pin goes low when capacitor has been charged to 66.6% of Vcc.) |
| 7 | Discharge (It is used to discharge the capacitor. ) |
| 8 | +VCC (5V to 15V supply input ) |
555 timer in astable configuration
Fig-3:555 timer astable555 Timer Applications Projects
configurationThe figure-3 mentions 555 timer in astable configuration. As shown, astable circuit connects trigger pin to capacitor. It adds a resistor between the discharge and threshold pins. As mentioned astable circuit triggers from previous output pulse. Monostable circuit requires an externally applied trigger.
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In short, the output pin oscillates from high to low creating a series of pulses as the capacitor charge oscillates from 33.3% to 66.6% Vcc, without any external triggers.
The duration the output pin stays high (tHIGH) is expressed as follows:
tHIGH=0.693*C1*(R1+R2)
The duration the output pin stays low (tLOW) is expressed as below:
tLOW=0.693*C1*R2
The frequency (f) of the series of pulses is expressed as follows:
f = 1/(tHIGH + tLOW)
Applications of 555 timer in astable configuration.
• modulation of ultrasonic and IR transmitters
• Turn ON and OFF an actuator at set time intervals for a fixed duration.
• create an accurate clock signal.
555 timer in monostable configuration
Fig-4:555 timer monostable configurationThe figure-4 mentions 555 timer in monostable configuration. The Monostable circuit outputs one pulse for each high to low transition of the trigger pin. The output will return to the 'stable' state after a period of time that is a function of the attached resistor and capacitor values.
The length of the output pulse depends on when the capacitor reaches 66.6% Vcc. This rate is determined by the charge capacity of the capacitor (C1) and resistance (R1). The length of the output pulse(tp) is expressed as follows.
tp = 1.1 *R1*C1
Applications of 555 timer in monostable configuration.
• Debounce a momentary or push button switch
• Turning on an actuator for a set period of time
• Turn an output from a resistive sensor from analog signal to digital signal
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